With over 15 years in the coffee industry, Kokako champion certified organic coffee sourced from Fairtrade co-operatives across a range of origins. Atomic buy from Fairtrade certified co-operatives, so be assured your coffee is grown ethically and sustainably. As specialty roasters, every bean Atomic buy is selected and roasted for specific characteristics in the cup.
Having expanded into Australia, London, Japan and Singapore, the Allpress folk keep their roasting local to ensure the roasted beans are as fresh as possible. The only independent coffee roaster in Rotorua, Revolver Espresso aims to bring totally unique and handcrafted coffee to locals who know a good thing when they taste it.
Sit around the big communal table and strike up a conversation with someone new, or browse the big stack of up-to-date magazines. A local favourite and for good reason, Hawthorne are an integral part of the close knit Havelock North community. From humble beginnings, Ozone Coffee Roasters have become both a nationally and internationally recognised brand. Sit at the bar sipping your long black while watching Jeff roast an 8kg blend on the customised copper-lined machine he imported from Israel.
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Early pioneers of direct bean trade, origin travel and curious experiences have allowed Havana to establish close relationships with growers across Cuba, Vanuatu, Sumatra and Bolivia. Completely Fairtrade and organic, they source exclusively from small lot farmers who band together to form co-operatives. In Wellington, Peoples continue to champion ethical and sustainable practices by serving their coffee in compostable takeaway cups and bags. Their head roaster, Kerry Murray, is a qualified Q-grader one of only a handful in the country and their coffee specialist, David Green, is a World Barista Championship judge and a qualified Specialty Coffee Association of America instructor.
They also roast a range of single origins, micro lot beans and over 90 other coffees from around the world. Together they bring a wealth of coffee sourcing, roasting and brewing knowledge to their brand. Although relative newcomers to the Wellington roasting scene, Rich Coffee Roasters are by no means amateurs.
Their focus is on wholesaling their coffee to select suppliers, working alongside them to serve the best coffee they can. C4 operate out of a very cool space in central Christchurch, which plays host to their entire operations. Starting out as a one man roasting operation in New Brighton, Switch Espresso have grown to become an iconic Christchurch brand thanks to their holistic approach to both coffee and hospitality. Sourcing beans from Trade Aid and organic co-operatives from around the world, Switch roast several different single origin coffees which are made into a range of superb blends for both wholesale and at home brewing.
A sequence of rocks very like that of Southland is found also in eastern Nelson; here, fossiliferous Triassic rocks and Permian sedimentary and volcanic rocks closely resembling those of Southland are found, and a belt of dunite and serpentine the Nelson "mineral belt'' intrudes them. It has been suggested that the Nelson and Southland rocks, which terminate abruptly at the Alpine Fault and its continuation as the Wairau Fault, were originally joined, and have been displaced some miles by lateral movement at the fault.
Younger Rocks —On the eastern side of the South Island, upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata survive only as small patches, the remnants of a once fairly complete cover of younger rocks. Thick geosynclinal Cretaceous strata are found in the Clarence and Awatere Valleys of Marlborough, but elsewhere in the eastern South Island the upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary strata are thin.
They include foraminiferal limestone, greensands, sandstones, and other shell deposits formed during slow transgression by the sea. Oligocene limestone remnants mark the period of maximum transgression.
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On the western side of the South Island the younger rocks are more widespread, and include some thick sequences that were formed in rapidly sinking basins. The oldest are the coal measures, mainly Eocene in age. They are overlain in some areas by thick lower Tertiary marine strata. The map shows some large areas of Pleistocene to Recent terrestrial deposits in the South Island. The largest forms the Canterbury Plains, and consists of old shingle deposits of unknown thickness washed from the Southern Alps during the Pleistocene glaciation.
Others occupy the Moutere depression of Nelson, and form Southland Plains, and intermontane basins, such as the McKenzie Plains, in the main mountain chains. Thick Pleistocene moraines form the main surface rocks of South Westland. Banks Peninsula is the only large mass of young volcanic rocks in the South Island; there are smaller areas at Timaru, Oamaru, and in the Dunedin district. Older Rocks —Unlike the South Island, the North Island has no large expanses of granite or of metamorphic rocks: the undermass rocks are almost wholly complexly folded and faulted greywackes and argillites of the New Zealand Geosyncline, predominantly Mesozoic in age.
The largest expanse of these hard rocks forms the main mountain backbone of the North Island, extending from Cook Strait to the East Cape area. Smaller areas of them are exposed between north Taranaki and Auckland; they include the richly fossiliferous strata of the Kawhia Syncline, a major downfold of the undermass rocks.
In North Auckland, deeply weathered undermass rocks, in part of Permian age, form low hill country in the east, particularly between Whangaroa and Whangarei harbours. Younger Rocks —Over most of the North Island the older rocks are hidden by Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary rocks and by young volcanic rocks.
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In some areas the younger sedimentary rocks are thin and patchy; in others they are many thousands of feet thick over hundreds of square miles. The bulk of them are poorly consolidated sandstones, and grey mudstones to which the colloquial name "papa rock'' is often applied.
The main areas with thick sequences of these young strata are the Taranaki - Wanganui - Rangitikei district, and the region east of the main ranges, including most of the Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, and Wairarapa districts. In both areas intensive oil prospecting of recent years has greatly added to knowledge of the structure. In the Taranaki - Wanganui - Rangitikei district the strata dip gently south, so that increasingly young rocks are exposed in this direction, the lower Tertiary being seen only in the north.
However, recent oil bores drilled to depths of about 13, ft at Kapuni in Taranaki, passed through a full sequence of strata from Pleistocene through all Tertiary stages, finally reaching Eocene coal measures. In the eastern North Island the structure of the younger rocks is much more complex than in the western area. Upper Cretaceous strata are followed by Tertiary in many sedimentary basins large and small, with many unconformities.
The southern part of the region is broken by many transcurrent faults, and hard lower Cretaceous greywacke piercement bodies project from the younger rocks.
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Younger rocks of South Auckland do not form such large basins as those just described. The oldest of these strata are the Eocene coal measures of the Waikato region. Upper Cretaceous strata, mainly mudstones, are the most widespread of the younger rocks of North Auckland. Young volcanic rocks are widespread in the North Island. The largest area of them is the Central Volcanic District: north of the three great andesite volcanoes, Ruapehu, Ngauruhoe, and Tongariro, lies the "volcanic plateau'', an expanse of some 10, square miles made up of several thousand cubic miles of ignimbrite, rhyolite lava, and pumice.
This is one of the largest and youngest accumulations of acid volcanic rocks in the world. Most of it has been erupted in late Pliocene and Pleistocene times.
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The belt of most recent activity in the Central Volcanic District is known as the Taupo Volcanic Zone; it contains all this country's active volcanoes, many inactive ones, and all the geysers and boiling springs. Mount Egmont is a huge, conical, andesite volcano, with the remnants of two other volcanic cones nearby; all are of Pleistocene age. In the Waikato there are eroded Pleistocene cones of approximately basic andesite composition; the largest is Pirongia, some 3, ft high.
Auckland city and the area immediately to the south has been the scene of many eruptions of basalt lava and scoria in late Pleistocene and Holocene times; many small scoria cones are seen at Auckland city. Late Tertiary and Quarternary basaltic eruptions in North Auckland have built lava plateaus and many young scoria cones. New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin 66, The Geological Map of New Zealand, ,, , is a lengthier summary with a more detailed geological map and cross sections. Such disturbed regions, of which New Zealand is one, are evidently the site of some kind of development affecting the outer shell of the Earth.
Little is yet known about the internal processes that give rise to these geophysical disturbances, nor are the relations connecting them understood in any detail. Formerly earthquakes were believed to be caused by volcanic activity, but it is now recognised that volcanic earthquakes are restricted to small shocks in the immediate vicinity of the volcanism.
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In New Zealand, tremors of this kind are experienced in the zone of active volcanism that extends from Mount Ruapehu to White Island. In some places geological faulting at the surface gives visible evidence that a major earth movement has occurred. Occasionally movement on a fault has been observed to occur simultaneously with an earthquake in the same vicinity. New Zealand provided one of the earliest examples of this to become generally known, when movement took place on the Wairarapa Fault at the time of the great Wellington earthquake of Such events as this have led to the idea mat earthquakes in general are caused by fault movements, but it has proved difficult to find convincing evidence in support of this theory.
It is noteworthy that there seems to be little earthquake activity along much of the Alpine Fault, which has been traced for miles from Milford Sound to Lake Rotoiti and is classed by geologists as one of the largest and most active faults in the world. The nature of the connection between earthquakes and faulting is still somewhat obscure.
The great majority of the world's earthquakes occur at depths of less man 40 miles, and in many earthquake zones there are no shocks at any greater depth.
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A moderate number of New Zealand earthquakes are classed as intermediate in depth, i. The two deepest New Zealand earthquakes recorded so far occurred four and a half minutes apart on 23 March , with a common focus miles deep under north Taranaki; this is about 80 miles shallower than the deepest earthquake known. It is difficult to compare the degree of earthquake activity in New Zealand with that in other regions because of the many differences that arise in earthquake type and mode of occurrence.
New Zealand and California are often regarded as roughly similar, with an activity very much less than, for example, Japan or Chile. Regional Distribution —There are two separate regions of earthquake activity in New Zealand. It thus includes the northern half of the South Island, and all the North Island apart from the North Auckland peninsula; but the area from Kaipara Harbour to the lower Waikato River should be excluded.
Earthquakes have only occasionally been located in the parts of New Zealand lying outside these two regions. Within the active regions the occurrence of shallow earthquakes is widely scattered.